Problem: want to obtain column families for a particular table.
Solution:
Connection conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);
Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
TableName transactionTableName = TableName.valueOf("some_table");
HTableDescriptor tableDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(transactionTableName);
// this will contain all of them
HColumnDescriptor colDesc[] = tableDesc.getColumnFamilies();